Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19
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Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática que incluyó estudios observacionales con factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19, con texto disponible, en idioma inglés o español; se excluyeron cartas al editor, resúmenes, documentos y ensayos clínicos, estudios sin datos confiables y fuentes duplicadas. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de literatura en PubMed, MEDLINE y JAMA, del 12 al 18 de junio de 2021, se evaluó estrategias de búsqueda mediante el programa del Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas. Se utilizó el programa Mendeley para gestionar las referencias bibliográficas y eliminación de estudios. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de artículos con herramientas del Instituto Nacional del Corazón, Pulmones y Sangre (NHLBI), y se proporcionó una calificación general ≥ 75 % bueno, 50-75 % regular, < 50 % malo. Resultados: De 400 artículos se seleccionaron 10 estudios de cohortes, 3 retrospectivos, 1 prospectivo y 1 revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, en esta revisión sistemática fueron: el 46 % de los pacientes padeció hipertensión arterial (HTA); el 21 %, diabetes mellitus; el 15 %, dislipidemia; el 10 %, enfermedad renal crónica (ERC); el 6 %, infarto miocardio (IAM); el 5 %, obesidad mórbida; el 4 %, insuficiencia cardiaca crónica (ICC) y fibrilación a u r i c u l a r ( FA ) ; y e l 3 % , e n f e r m e d a d cerebrovascular (ECV ). Conclusión: Los principales factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 fueron: hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, infarto de miocardio y obesidad.
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