Control de Colletotrichum “agente causal de la antracnosis en el fruto del mango (Mangifera indica L.)” aplicando metabolitos de Trichoderma
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El uso de hongos controladores para el control de hongos fitopatógenos actualmente se está aplicando ampliamente como parte del proceso de la agricultura orgánica, pero también para la comercialización de frutos de exportación que están expuestos a enfermedades fúngicas que acarrean pérdidas cuantiosas. En este trabajo, se tuvo como objetivo evaluar el control de Colletotrichum “agente causal de la antracnosis en el fruto del mango (Mangifera indica L.)” aplicando metabolitos de Trichoderma, para determinar los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento micelial y de la inhibición de la germinación de las conidias de Colletotrichum sp. y del control de las lesiones de la antracnosis de Colletotrichum en el fruto del mango. Se hicieron evaluaciones in vitro, aplicando antagonismo de los T. harzianum y T. viride contra Colletotrichum sp. en pruebas duales, y solución de metabolitos de los Trichoderma contra suspensiones de conidias de Colletotrichum sp.; e in vivo, aplicando soluciones de metabolitos de los Trichoderma sobre el fruto del mango infectado con Colletotrichum sp. En los resultados, se muestra que los Trichoderma, in vitro, como inóculo fúngico y como solución de metabolitos, inhiben respectivamente el crecimiento micelial y la germinación de conidias de Colletotrichum sp. significativamente; e in vivo, como solución de metabolitos sobre el fruto del mango, controlan la antracnosis de Colletotrichum sp.; siendo la solución de metabolitos de T. viride el que ejerce un mayor control comparable al de un biocontrolador que puede ser empleado para controlar la antracnosis en el fruto del mango, sobre todo de exportación.
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