Análisis de los determinantes macroeconómicos de la liquidez bancaria en el Perú: 2003-2024

Contenido principal del artículo

Piero Gabriel Mendoza Velarde

Resumen

Objetivo: Explicar el impacto de las variables macroeconómicas en el comportamiento de la liquidez de las empresas bancarias del Perú. Método: Se empleó un modelo de regresión multivariante mediante mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, con datos históricos anuales de variables independientes: crecimiento económico, tipo de cambio, inflación, IED, tasa de interés y la variable dependiente: liquidez bancaria. Resultados: El crecimiento económico ejerció el mayor efecto positivo sobre la liquidez bancaria, seguido por el tipo de cambio, la inversión extranjera directa y la inflación; en contraste, la tasa de interés mostró una influencia negativa. Por otro lado, se obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación ajustado elevado de 98,72 % y se verificó la validez estadística del modelo mediante los supuestos de normalidad, heterocedasticidad y autocorrelación de residuos. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con la teoría del análisis de valoración macroeconómica, se concluye que la liquidez bancaria en el Perú responde de forma sensible al entorno macroeconómico, puesto que un contexto expansivo y estable favorece la generación de liquidez. Por otro lado, las condiciones restrictivas, como el aumento de tasas de interés, limitan dicha capacidad; los resultados refuerzan el vínculo entre las variables macroeconómicas y el equilibrio financiero del sistema bancario del Perú.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.noStats##

Detalles del artículo

Sección

Artículo original

Cómo citar

Análisis de los determinantes macroeconómicos de la liquidez bancaria en el Perú: 2003-2024. (2025). Economía & Negocios, 7(2), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.33326/27086062.2025.2.2339

Referencias

Almeshari, A., Yahya, M. H., Kamarudin, F. B., & Abd Hamid, S. (2023). LiquidiCreation and Economic Growth: Are They Monotonically Related? Evidence from MENA Countries. Economies, MDPI Vol. 11(1), 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11010024

Awdeh, A., El Moussawi, C., & Hamadi, H. (2024). The impact of inflation on bank stability: evidence from the MENA banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 17(2), 379-399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-10-2023-0388

Beck, T., Döttling, R., Lambert, T., & Van Dijk, M. (2023). Liquidity creation, investment, and growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 297-336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-022-09217-1

Becker, J., Li, X., Schmeling, M., & Schrimpf, A. (2024). Global Bank Lending and Exchange Rates. SSRN, 1-69. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4654695

Ben Moussa, M. A., & Marzouk, H. (2023). The Impact of Inflation on Bank Liquidity: Case of Tunisia. International Peer-Reviewed Journal, 38-49. doi:10.56201/ijbfr.v9.no1.2023.pg38.49

Berger, A. N., & Bouwman, C. H. (2017). Bank liquidity creation, monetary policy, and financial crises. Journal of Financial Stability, 139-155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.05.001

Boisjoly, R. P., Conine Jr, T. E., & McDonald IV, M. B. (2020). Working capital management: Financial and valuation impacts. Journal of Business Research, 108, 1-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.025

Büyükbaşaran, T., Karasoy Can, G., & Küçük, H. (2022). Macroeconomic effects of bank lending in an emerging economy: Evidence from Turkey. Economic Modelling. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105946

Chen, W. D., Chen, Y., & Huang, S. C. (2021). Liquidity risk and bank performance during financial crises. Journal of Financial Stability, 56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100906

Fan, Y., Jiang, Y., & Ly, K. C. (2022). Do banks adjust their liquidity to cope with environmental variation? A study of bank deregulation. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101485

Fidrmuc, J., Fungáčová, Z., & Weill, L. (2015). Does Bank Liquidity Creation Contribute to Economic Growth? Evidence from Russia. Open Economies Review 26, 479-496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-015-9352-1

Gertler, M., Kiyotaki, N., & Queralto, A. (2012). Financial crises, bank risk exposure and government financial policy. Journal of Monetary Economics, S17-S34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.11.007

Ghossoub, E. A. (2023). Economic growth, inflation, and banking sector competition. Economic Modelling, 106528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2023.106528

Habib, A., Khan, M. A., & Meyer, N. (2022). The Effect of Bank Liquidity on Bank's Stability in the Presence of Managerial Optimism. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 9(8), 183-196. doi:https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2022.vol9.no8.0183

Kašparovská, V., Laštůvková, J., & Střelec, L. (2016). Is the exchange rate a factor of bank liquidity changes? Study of the Czech Republic. Society and Economy, 359-374. doi:https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2016.38.3.5

Keshtgar, N., Pahlavani, M., & Mirjalili, S. H. (2020). The Impact of Exchange Rate volatility on Banking Performance (case of Iran). International Journal of Business and Development Studies, 39-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.22111/ijbds.2020.5436

Kick, T. (2022). Interest rate shocks, competition and bank liquidity creation. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 409-441. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-022-00406-x

Kim, D. (2023). International effects of quantitative easing and foreign exchange intervention. Journal of International Economics, 145, 1-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103815

Li, J. (2023). The impact of interest rate liberalization on the liquidity risk of commercial banks. BCP Business & Management 46, 247-259. doi:https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v46i.5103

Liu, Z., Yin, X., Tu, H., & Zhang, C. (2025). Bank competition and resilience to liquidity shocks. International Review of Economics & Finance, 102, 1-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104210

Lu, D., Liu, J., & Zhou, H. (2022). Global financial conditions, capital flows and the exchange rate regime in emerging market economies. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101500

Martínez Malvar, M., & Baselga Pascual, L. (2020). Bank Risk Determinants in Latin America. SSRN, 1-36. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3606491

Nilsson, B., Suardi, S., & Mingfa, D. (2017). Foreign Institutional Investment, Ownership, and Liquidity: Real and Informational Frictions. The Financial Review, 101-144. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/fire.12126

Pozo, J., & Rojas, Y. (2023). Bank competition and credit risk: The case of Peru. Journal of Financial Stability, 66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2023.101119

Quispe Mamani, J. C., Flores Turpo, G. A., Velásquez Velásquez, W. L., Quispe Lino, C. N., Choque Alanoca, D. S., & Huarcaya Yana, E. R. (2022). Efecto del riesgo de liquidez en el costo de financiamiento del sistema financiero en el Perú, periodo 2015-2020. Religación, 7(31), 1-22. doi:https://doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v7i31.888

Radovanov, B., Milenkovic, N., Kalaš, B., & Horvat, A. M. (2023). Do the Same Determinants Affect Banks’ Profitability and Liquidity? Evidence from West Balkan Countries Using a Panel Data Regression Analysis. Mathematics 11(19), 1-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/math11194072

Seay, M. P., & Shawn, K. M. (2024). The interaction of bank leverage, interest rate risk, and runnable funding. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. doi:https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3605

Sifat, I., Zarei, A., Hosseini, S., & Bouri, E. (2022). Interbank liquidity risk transmission to large emerging markets in crisis periods. International Review of Financial Analysis, 82, 1-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102200

Sundaresan, S., & Xiao, K. (2024). Liquidity regulation and banks: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 103747. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2023.103747

Umar, M., Sial, M. S., & Xu, Y. (2021). What Are The Channels Through Which Bank Liquidity Creation Affects GDP? Evidence From an Emerging Country. SAGE Open Vol. 11(2), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211022325

Wang, L., Li, S., Fa, Z., & Wang, Y. (2025). Enhancing bank liquidity creation through digital innovation: Exploring the impact of macroprudential policy sentiments. Emerging Markets Review, 66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2025.101275

Winpor, B. A., & Hidayat, A. (2025). The Effect of Interest Rates, Exchange Rates, and Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Stability in Indonesia. Argumenta Oeconomica Cracoviensia, 49-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.15678/AOC.2024.2603

Zaharum, Z., Latif, R. A., Md. Isa, M. A., & Hanafi, M. H. (2022). The Influence of Liquidity Management on Banks’ Profitability. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(6), 820-829.

Zhang, J., He, L., & An, Y. (2020). Measuring banks’ liquidity risk: An option-pricing approach. Journal of Banking & Finance, 111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.105703

Zheng, T., & Luk, P. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment and Debt Financing in Emerging Economies. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 863-905. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12612

Ҫolak, G., & Öztekin, Ö. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bank lending around the world. Journal of Banking & Finance, 133, 1-53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2021.106207

Artículos similares

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.